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absolutive case
The absolutive case (abbreviated ) is the unmarked grammatical case of a core argument of a verb (generally other than the nominative) which is used as the citation form of a noun.
==In ergative languages==
In ergative–absolutive languages, the absolutive is the case used to mark both the subject of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb, in addition to being used for the citation form of a noun. It contrasts with the marked ergative case, which marks the subject of a transitive verb.
For example, in Basque the noun ''mutil'' ("boy") takes the bare singular article ''-a'' both as subject of the intransitive clause ''mutila etorri da'' ("the boy came") and as object of the transitive clause ''Irakasleak mutila ikusi du'' ("the teacher has seen the boy"), in which the subject bears the ergative ending ''-a-k''.
In a very few cases, a marked absolutive has been reported. This includes Nias and Sochiapam Chinantec.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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